六经辩证

吴宇琛

SUM WU

Sum Wu

Registered Chinese Medicine Practitioner

Bachelor of Health Science in Traditional Chinese Medicine (UTS)

Bachelor of Science Majoring in Psychology (UOW)

Specialising in pain management and mental wellbeing through Tradition Chinese medicine in combination with modern science in mental health, dieting and nutrition.

 

吴宇琛，澳洲政府注册中医师、针灸师，五龙岗大学心理学学士、悉尼科技大学中医系学士，擅长用传统针灸理伤手法和中药治疗各种新旧损伤痛症，特别采用中医中药和现代心理学、营养学相结合调理治疗各种慢性病和亚健康。

六经辨证

The 6 Stages Theory 

Pattern diagnosis and progression of common cold and similar diseases.

感冒及类似疾病的病症诊断及发展

吴宇琛

SUM WU

 

What is a common cold? In TCM we can generally separate a common cold into either wind cold or wind heat syndrome. How can this be differentiated with viral infections such as influenza?

Common cold is due to virus such as rhinovirus while influenza is from the influenza A and B virus. They have similar symptoms but are actually slightly different. The flu has worse symptoms and can cause diarrhoea and vomiting. Generally an upper respiratory virus won’t affect the intestine such as stomach bug but can happen in low chances.

什么是普通感冒？中医一般将普通感冒分为风寒感冒和风热感冒。如何将其与流感等病毒感染区分开来？

普通感冒是由病毒引起的，例如鼻病毒，而流感是由甲型和乙型流感病毒引起的。它们的症状相似，但实际上略有不同。流感症状更严重，会引起腹泻和呕吐。一般上呼吸道病毒不会影响肠道，例如胃病，但发生的可能性很小。

 

The Six Stages (Liu Jing) theory developed during the Han Dynasty by Zhang Zhong Jing in Traditional Chinese Medicine is a diagnostic framework used to understand the progression of disease caused by external pathogens, particularly cold. This theory, which originates from the classical text “Shang Han Lun,” describes how illness moves through the body’s energetic layers from the most superficial to the deepest levels. Each stage is associated with a specific set of symptoms and treatment strategies aimed at restoring balance and health. Cold damage can progress level by level or in some causes directly affect certain layers.

中医六经理论由张仲景于汉代创立，是一种诊断框架，用于了解由外部病原体（尤其是寒邪）引起的疾病的进展。该理论源自古典文献《伤寒论》，描述了疾病如何从最浅层到最深层穿过人体的能量层。每个阶段都与一组特定的症状和治疗策略相关，旨在恢复平衡和健康。

 

The six stages are divided into three Yang stages and three Yin stages, representing the body’s external and internal defences, respectively. The yang stages are early stage issues while yin stages are considered late stage issues.

这六个阶段分为三个阳阶段和三个阴阶段，分别代表人体的外部和内部防御. 阳阶段是早期问题，阴阶段被视为后期问题。

 

1. Taiyang (太阳)

This is the most superficial stage and represents the body’s first defense against external pathogens, often cold and wind. The Taiyang stage affects the Bladder and Small Intestine meridians.

This stage occurs when the Wind is still on the Exterior of the body.

这是最浅显的阶段，代表着身体对外部病原体（通常是寒冷和风）的第一道防线。太阳阶段影响膀胱和小肠经。

当风仍然在身体外部时，就会发生此阶段。

 

Symptoms are the result of an attack of Wind and Cold (or, more rarely, Heat and/or Dampness). The three key characteristic symptoms at this stage are headaches with accompanying neck and shoulder stiffness, aversion to cold and a floating pulse. It can also include general discomfort and pain as well as fever with chills characteristic of the early stages of cold and flu.

症状是风寒（或较罕见的热和/或湿）侵袭的结果。此阶段的三个主要特征症状是头痛，伴随颈部和肩部僵硬、畏寒和脉浮。它还可能包括全身不适和疼痛以及感冒和流感早期特有的发烧和寒战。

 

For such invasion to occur one already needs to be in a weakened state with one’s pores not able to sufficiently ward off external Pathogenic Factors.

要发生这种侵袭，人体必须处于虚弱状态，毛孔无法充分抵御外界致病因素。

 

• Symptoms: Chills, mild fever, aversion to cold, headache, stiff neck, and possibly sweating.
• Treatment: Focuses on releasing the pathogen from the surface through sweating and dispersing wind-cold using herbs such as Ma Huang Tang or acupuncture points along the Bladder and Small Intestine meridians.
• 症状：畏寒、低热、畏寒、头痛、颈部僵硬、可能出汗。
• 治疗：重点是通过出汗和散去风寒，使用麻黄汤等草药或按压膀胱经和小肠经的穴位，释放体表病原体。

 

2. Yangming (阳明)

This stage, which can develop from both the Greater Yang and the Lesser Yang stages, is a penetration of an External Pathogen to the level of the Stomach and Large Intestine Channels.

If the invading Pathogen might have originally been Cold, this pattern is now resolutely characterized by Heat with symptoms such as fever, a preference for cold drinks and food, extreme thirst and excessive perspiration.

此阶段可从大阳和少阳阶段发展而来，是外部病邪渗透至胃经和大肠经的阶段。

如果入侵的病邪最初是寒邪，那么此病证现在的特点就是热邪，症状包括发烧、喜欢冷饮和食物、极度口渴和大量出汗。

 

• Description: This stage occurs when the pathogen has penetrated deeper, affecting the Stomach and Large Intestine meridians. It is characterized by an abundance of heat.
• Symptoms: High fever, profuse sweating, extreme thirst, a red face, irritability, and a strong pulse.
• Treatment: Clearing heat and draining fire through methods such as cooling herbs like Bai Hu Tang or acupuncture points that help eliminate excess heat.
• 描述：此阶段发生在病原体渗透较深，影响胃经和大肠经络时。其特点是热气旺盛。
• 症状：高烧、大量出汗、极度口渴、面红、烦躁、脉搏强劲。
• 治疗：通过白虎汤等清凉草药或有助于消除多余热量的穴位等方法清热泻火。

 

3. Shaoyang (少阳)

At this stage the External Pathogen has penetrated to the level of the Gallbladder and Triple Warmer Channels. Its main characteristic is that it’s a stage that oscillates between the Bright Yang and Greater Yang stages and alternatively takes symptoms from both. Such oscillations are characteristic of diseases like malaria and typhoid fevers that show alternating heat and chills, and a cyclic recurrence of symptoms.

此时外邪已渗透至胆经和三焦经。其主要特点是，在阳明和大阳之间来回波动，交替出现两种症状。这种波动是疟疾和伤寒等疾病的特征，这些疾病表现为寒热交替，症状周期性复发。

 

• Description: This is an intermediate stage where the pathogen oscillates between the external and internal layers of the body, affecting the Gallbladder and Triple Burner meridians.
• Symptoms: Alternating chills and fever, bitter taste in the mouth, dry throat, nausea, irritability, and fullness in the chest.
• Treatment: Harmonizing the interior and exterior by using herbs such as Xiao Chai Hu Tang and acupuncture points along the Shaoyang channels.
• 描述：这是病原体在身体内外层之间来回波动的中间阶段，影响胆经和三焦经。
• 症状：寒热交替，口苦，咽干，恶心，烦躁，胸闷。
• 治疗：使用小柴胡汤等中药和少阳经穴位调和内外。

 

4. Taiyin (太阴)

This is the first of the Yin stages. At this stage what’s mainly affected is the Spleen Channel. If yang disease left untreated it can go into this level, or cold damage penetrating into spleen and stomach or due to improper diet affecting yang qi.

In terms of symptoms patients typically experience classic signs of Spleen Yang Deficiency such as a feeling cold, a lack of appetite, diarrhoea and fatigue.

这是阴虚的第一个阶段。在这个阶段，主要受影响的是脾经。

就症状而言，患者通常会出现脾阳虚的典型症状，例如感觉寒冷、食欲不振、腹泻和疲劳。

 

• Description: When the disease penetrates deeper, it affects the body’s internal organs, particularly the Spleen and Lungs, leading to cold and deficiency.
• Symptoms: Abdominal fullness, poor appetite, diarrhea, fatigue, and a pale complexion.
• Treatment: Warming and tonifying the Spleen and Lung to support digestion and energy production, using formulas like Li Zhong Wan or acupuncture points to strengthen the digestive system.
• 描述：当疾病深入人体较深层，会影响人体的内脏，特别是脾脏和肺脏，导致寒冷和虚弱。
• 症状：腹胀、食欲不振、腹泻、疲劳和面色苍白。
• 治疗：温补脾肺以促进消化和能量产生，使用理中丸等方剂或穴位来增强消化系统。

 

5. Shaoyin (少阴)

The Lesser Yin stage is a still deeper stage where the disharmony mainly affects the Kidney Channel.

少阴阶段是更深的阶段，不和谐主要影响肾经。

 

• Description: This stage reflects a deeper imbalance between the Heart and Kidney organs, where either cold or heat can dominate, leading to deficient Yin or Yang.
• Symptoms (Cold): Cold limbs, fatigue, aversion to cold, desire to sleep, weak pulse.
  Symptoms (Heat): Irritability, insomnia, dry mouth, dark urine.
• Treatment: In the cold type, warming and nourishing Yang using Si Ni Tang is recommended, while in the heat type, cooling and nourishing Yin with Huang Lian E Jiao Tang is used.
• 描述：此阶段反映心肾器官之间更深层次的不平衡，寒热均可占主导地位，导致阴虚或阳虚。
• 症状（寒）：四肢畏寒、乏力、怕冷、想睡、脉细弱。
• 症状（热）：烦躁、失眠、口干、尿黄。
• 治疗：寒型建议使用四逆汤温补阳，热型建议使用黄连阿胶汤降热补阴。

 

6. Jueyin (厥阴)

The last Yin stage is where the disharmony is associated with the Pericardium and Liver.The symptoms are a mix of Heat above (thirst, feeling of energy rising, pain and heat sensation of heart region) and Cold below (no desire to eat, cold limbs, vomiting).

最后一个阴阶段，是心包和肝脏失和。症状是上热（口渴、能量上升感、心脏区域疼痛和发热）和下寒（不想吃东西、四肢寒冷、呕吐）的混合。

 

• Description: This is the final and deepest stage, often involving extremes of heat and cold. It affects the Liver and Pericardium meridians and can manifest as a combination of both deficiency and excess.
• Symptoms: Sensation of heat in the upper body and cold in the lower body, thirst, hunger without desire to eat, vomiting, diarrhea, and weakness.
• Treatment: Restoring balance between Yin and Yang, focusing on harmonizing the extremes with herbs like Wu Mei Wan or acupuncture that regulates the Liver and Pericardium meridians.
• 描述：这是最后也是最深的阶段，通常涉及极热和极冷。它影响肝经和心包经，并可能表现为虚实结合。
• 症状：上身热，下身冷，口渴，饥饿而不想吃东西，呕吐，腹泻和虚弱。
• 治疗：恢复阴阳平衡，重点是用乌梅丸等草药或调节肝经和心包经的针灸来协调极端。

 

如有疑问想咨询吴宇琛中医师，可以在微信或whatsapp搜索0404836368，加吴宇琛中医师微信或whatsapp，也可以发短信或致电0404836368作语音留言，吴宇琛中医师有空就会回复。

 

（吴宇琛中医师，澳大利亚政府注册中医师、针灸师，五龙岗大学心理学学士、悉尼科技大学中医系学士，悉尼好思维松轩药行主治中医师，澳大利亚中医骨伤专科学院副院长，本文仅供参考，具体诊疗应咨询专业人士。）